(705 ILCS 405/Art. V Pt. 8 heading)
PART 8.
VIOLENT AND HABITUAL JUVENILE
OFFENDER PROVISIONS
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-801)
Sec. 5-801.
Legislative declaration.
The General Assembly finds that a substantial and disproportionate amount of
serious crime is committed by a relatively small number of juvenile offenders.
Part 8 of this Article addresses these juvenile offenders and, in all
proceedings under Sections 5-805, 5-810, and 5-815, the community's right
to be protected shall be the most important purpose of the proceedings.
(Source: P.A. 90-590, eff. 1-1-99.)
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-805)
Sec. 5-805. Transfer of jurisdiction.
(1) Mandatory transfers.
(a) If a petition alleges commission by a minor 15
| | years of age or older of an act that constitutes a forcible felony under the laws of this State, and if a motion by the State's Attorney to prosecute the minor under the criminal laws of Illinois for the alleged forcible felony alleges that (i) the minor has previously been adjudicated delinquent or found guilty for commission of an act that constitutes a felony under the laws of this State or any other state and (ii) the act that constitutes the offense was committed in furtherance of criminal activity by an organized gang, the Juvenile Judge assigned to hear and determine those motions shall, upon determining that there is probable cause that both allegations are true, enter an order permitting prosecution under the criminal laws of Illinois.
|
|
(b) If a petition alleges commission by a minor 15
| | years of age or older of an act that constitutes a felony under the laws of this State, and if a motion by a State's Attorney to prosecute the minor under the criminal laws of Illinois for the alleged felony alleges that (i) the minor has previously been adjudicated delinquent or found guilty for commission of an act that constitutes a forcible felony under the laws of this State or any other state and (ii) the act that constitutes the offense was committed in furtherance of criminal activities by an organized gang, the Juvenile Judge assigned to hear and determine those motions shall, upon determining that there is probable cause that both allegations are true, enter an order permitting prosecution under the criminal laws of Illinois.
|
|
(c) If a petition alleges commission by a minor 15
| | years of age or older of: (i) an act that constitutes an offense enumerated in the presumptive transfer provisions of subsection (2); and (ii) the minor has previously been adjudicated delinquent or found guilty of a forcible felony, the Juvenile Judge designated to hear and determine those motions shall, upon determining that there is probable cause that both allegations are true, enter an order permitting prosecution under the criminal laws of Illinois.
|
|
(d) If a petition alleges commission by a minor 15
| | years of age or older of an act that constitutes the offense of aggravated discharge of a firearm committed in a school, on the real property comprising a school, within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a school, at a school related activity, or on, boarding, or departing from any conveyance owned, leased, or contracted by a school or school district to transport students to or from school or a school related activity, regardless of the time of day or the time of year, the juvenile judge designated to hear and determine those motions shall, upon determining that there is probable cause that the allegations are true, enter an order permitting prosecution under the criminal laws of Illinois.
|
|
For purposes of this paragraph (d) of subsection (1):
"School" means a public or private elementary or
| | secondary school, community college, college, or university.
|
|
"School related activity" means any sporting, social,
| | academic, or other activity for which students' attendance or participation is sponsored, organized, or funded in whole or in part by a school or school district.
|
|
(2) Presumptive transfer.
(a) If the State's Attorney files a petition, at any
| | time prior to commencement of the minor's trial, to permit prosecution under the criminal laws and the petition alleges the commission by a minor 15 years of age or older of: (i) a Class X felony other than armed violence; (ii) aggravated discharge of a firearm; (iii) armed violence with a firearm when the predicate offense is a Class 1 or Class 2 felony and the State's Attorney's motion to transfer the case alleges that the offense committed is in furtherance of the criminal activities of an organized gang; (iv) armed violence with a firearm when the predicate offense is a violation of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, a violation of the Cannabis Control Act, or a violation of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act; (v) armed violence when the weapon involved was a machine gun or other weapon described in subsection (a)(7) of Section 24-1 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012; (vi) an act in violation of Section 401 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act which is a Class X felony, while in a school, regardless of the time of day or the time of year, or on any conveyance owned, leased, or contracted by a school to transport students to or from school or a school related activity, or on residential property owned, operated, or managed by a public housing agency or leased by a public housing agency as part of a scattered site or mixed-income development; or (vii) an act in violation of Section 401 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act and the offense is alleged to have occurred while in a school or on a public way within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising any school, regardless of the time of day or the time of year when the delivery or intended delivery of any amount of the controlled substance is to a person under 17 years of age, (to qualify for a presumptive transfer under paragraph (vi) or (vii) of this clause (2)(a), the violation cannot be based upon subsection (b) of Section 407 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act) and, if the juvenile judge assigned to hear and determine motions to transfer a case for prosecution in the criminal court determines that there is probable cause to believe that the allegations in the petition and motion are true, there is a rebuttable presumption that the minor is not a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the Juvenile Justice Reform Provisions of 1998 (Public Act 90-590), and that, except as provided in paragraph (b), the case should be transferred to the criminal court.
|
|
(b) The judge shall enter an order permitting
| | prosecution under the criminal laws of Illinois unless the judge makes a finding based on clear and convincing evidence that the minor would be amenable to the care, treatment, and training programs available through the facilities of the juvenile court based on an evaluation of the following:
|
|
(i) the age of the minor;
(ii) the history of the minor, including:
(A) any previous delinquent or criminal
| | (B) any previous abuse or neglect history of
| | (C) any mental health, physical or
| | educational history of the minor or combination of these factors;
|
| (iii) the circumstances of the offense,
| | (A) the seriousness of the offense,
(B) whether the minor is charged through
| | (C) whether there is evidence the offense was
| | committed in an aggressive and premeditated manner,
|
| (D) whether there is evidence the offense
| | caused serious bodily harm,
|
| (E) whether there is evidence the minor
| | possessed a deadly weapon;
|
| (iv) the advantages of treatment within the
| | juvenile justice system including whether there are facilities or programs, or both, particularly available in the juvenile system;
|
| (v) whether the security of the public requires
| | sentencing under Chapter V of the Unified Code of Corrections:
|
| (A) the minor's history of services,
| | including the minor's willingness to participate meaningfully in available services;
|
| (B) whether there is a reasonable likelihood
| | that the minor can be rehabilitated before the expiration of the juvenile court's jurisdiction;
|
| (C) the adequacy of the punishment or
| |
In considering these factors, the court shall give
| | greater weight to the seriousness of the alleged offense and the minor's prior record of delinquency than to the other factors listed in this subsection.
|
|
For purposes of clauses (2)(a)(vi) and (vii):
"School" means a public or private elementary or secondary school, community college, college, or university.
"School related activity" means any sporting, social, academic, or other activity for which students' attendance or participation is sponsored, organized, or funded in whole or in part by a school or school district.
(3) Discretionary transfer.
(a) If a petition alleges commission by a minor 13
| | years of age or over of an act that constitutes a crime under the laws of this State and, on motion of the State's Attorney to permit prosecution of the minor under the criminal laws, a Juvenile Judge assigned by the Chief Judge of the Circuit to hear and determine those motions, after hearing but before commencement of the trial, finds that there is probable cause to believe that the allegations in the motion are true and that it is not in the best interests of the public to proceed under this Act, the court may enter an order permitting prosecution under the criminal laws.
|
|
(b) In making its determination on the motion to
| | permit prosecution under the criminal laws, the court shall consider among other matters:
|
|
(i) the age of the minor;
(ii) the history of the minor, including:
(A) any previous delinquent or criminal
| | (B) any previous abuse or neglect history of
| | (C) any mental health, physical, or
| | educational history of the minor or combination of these factors;
|
| (iii) the circumstances of the offense,
| | (A) the seriousness of the offense,
(B) whether the minor is charged through
| | (C) whether there is evidence the offense was
| | committed in an aggressive and premeditated manner,
|
| (D) whether there is evidence the offense
| | caused serious bodily harm,
|
| (E) whether there is evidence the minor
| | possessed a deadly weapon;
|
| (iv) the advantages of treatment within the
| | juvenile justice system including whether there are facilities or programs, or both, particularly available in the juvenile system;
|
| (v) whether the security of the public requires
| | sentencing under Chapter V of the Unified Code of Corrections:
|
| (A) the minor's history of services,
| | including the minor's willingness to participate meaningfully in available services;
|
| (B) whether there is a reasonable likelihood
| | that the minor can be rehabilitated before the expiration of the juvenile court's jurisdiction;
|
| (C) the adequacy of the punishment or
| |
In considering these factors, the court shall give
| | greater weight to the seriousness of the alleged offense and the minor's prior record of delinquency than to the other factors listed in this subsection.
|
|
(4) The rules of evidence for this hearing shall be the same as under
Section 5-705 of this Act. A minor must be represented in court by counsel
before the hearing may be commenced.
(5) If criminal proceedings are instituted, the petition for adjudication
of wardship shall be dismissed insofar as the act or acts involved in the
criminal proceedings. Taking of evidence in a trial on petition for
adjudication of wardship is a bar to criminal proceedings based upon the
conduct alleged in the petition.
(Source: P.A. 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-810)
Sec. 5-810. Extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecutions.
(1) (a) If the State's Attorney files a petition, at any time prior to
commencement of the
minor's trial, to designate the proceeding as an extended jurisdiction juvenile
prosecution and the petition alleges the commission by a minor 13 years of age
or
older of any offense which would be a felony if committed by an adult, and, if
the
juvenile judge
assigned to hear and determine petitions to designate the proceeding as an
extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution determines that there is probable
cause to believe that the allegations in the petition and motion are true,
there is a rebuttable presumption that the proceeding shall be designated as an
extended jurisdiction juvenile proceeding.
(b) The judge shall enter an order designating the proceeding as an
extended jurisdiction juvenile proceeding unless the judge makes a finding
based on clear and convincing evidence that sentencing under the Chapter V of
the Unified Code of Corrections would not be appropriate for the minor based on
an evaluation of the
following factors:
(i) the age of the minor;
(ii) the history of the minor, including:
(A) any previous delinquent or criminal history
| | (B) any previous abuse or neglect history of the
| | (C) any mental health, physical and/or
| | educational history of the minor;
|
| (iii) the circumstances of the offense, including:
(A) the seriousness of the offense,
(B) whether the minor is charged through
| | (C) whether there is evidence the offense was
| | committed in an aggressive and premeditated manner,
|
| (D) whether there is evidence the offense caused
| | (E) whether there is evidence the minor possessed
| | (iv) the advantages of treatment within the juvenile
| | justice system including whether there are facilities or programs, or both, particularly available in the juvenile system;
|
| (v) whether the security of the public requires
| | sentencing under Chapter V of the Unified Code of Corrections:
|
| (A) the minor's history of services, including
| | the minor's willingness to participate meaningfully in available services;
|
| (B) whether there is a reasonable likelihood that
| | the minor can be rehabilitated before the expiration of the juvenile court's jurisdiction;
|
| (C) the adequacy of the punishment or services.
In considering these factors, the court shall give greater weight to the
seriousness of the alleged offense and the minor's prior record of delinquency
than to other factors listed in this subsection.
(2) Procedures for extended
jurisdiction juvenile prosecutions.
The State's Attorney may file a written motion for a proceeding to be
designated as an extended juvenile jurisdiction prior to
commencement of trial. Notice of the motion shall be in
compliance with
Section 5-530. When the State's Attorney files a written motion that a
proceeding be designated an extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution, the
court shall commence a hearing within 30 days of the filing of the motion for
designation, unless good cause is shown by the prosecution or the minor as to
why the hearing could not be held within this time period. If the court finds
good cause has been demonstrated, then the hearing shall be held within 60 days
of the filing of the motion. The hearings shall be open to the public unless
the judge finds that the hearing should be closed for the protection of any
party, victim or witness. If the Juvenile Judge
assigned to hear and determine a motion to designate an extended jurisdiction
juvenile prosecution determines that there is probable cause to believe that
the allegations in the petition and motion are true the court shall grant the
motion for designation. Information used by the court in its findings or
stated in or offered in connection with this Section may be by way of proffer
based on reliable information offered by the State or the minor. All evidence
shall be admissible if it is relevant and reliable regardless of whether it
would be admissible under the rules of evidence.
(3) Trial. A minor who is subject of an extended jurisdiction juvenile
prosecution has the right to trial by jury. Any trial under this Section shall
be open to the public.
(4) Sentencing. If an extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution under
subsection (1)
results in a guilty plea, a verdict of guilty, or a finding of guilt,
the court shall impose the following:
(i) one or more juvenile sentences under Section
| |
(ii) an adult criminal sentence in accordance with
| | the provisions of Chapter V of the Unified Code of Corrections, the execution of which shall be stayed on the condition that the offender not violate the provisions of the juvenile sentence.
|
|
Any sentencing hearing under
this Section shall be open to the public.
(5) If, after an extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution trial, a minor
is convicted of a lesser-included offense or of an offense that the State's
Attorney did not designate as an extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution,
the State's Attorney may file a written motion, within 10 days of the finding
of guilt, that
the minor be sentenced as an extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution
offender. The court shall rule on this motion using the factors found in
paragraph (1)(b) of Section 5-805. If the court denies the State's Attorney's
motion for
sentencing under the extended jurisdiction juvenile prosecution provision, the
court shall proceed to sentence the minor under Section 5-710.
(6) When it appears that a minor convicted in an extended jurisdiction
juvenile prosecution under subsection (1) has violated the
conditions of his or her sentence, or is alleged to have committed a new
offense upon the filing of a petition to revoke the stay, the
court may, without notice, issue a warrant for the arrest of the minor.
After a hearing, if the court finds by a
preponderance of the evidence that the minor committed a new offense, the
court shall order execution of the previously
imposed adult criminal sentence.
After a hearing, if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence
that the minor committed a violation of his or her sentence other than by a new
offense, the court may order execution of the previously imposed adult criminal
sentence or may continue him or her on the existing juvenile sentence with or
without modifying or enlarging the conditions.
Upon revocation of the stay of the adult criminal sentence
and imposition of
that sentence, the minor's extended jurisdiction juvenile status shall be
terminated.
The on-going jurisdiction over the minor's case shall be assumed by the adult
criminal court and juvenile court jurisdiction shall be terminated and a report
of
the imposition of the adult sentence shall be sent to the Department of State
Police.
(7) Upon successful completion of the juvenile sentence the court shall
vacate the adult criminal sentence.
(8) Nothing in this Section precludes the State from filing a motion for
transfer under Section 5-805.
(Source: P.A. 94-574, eff. 8-12-05; 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-815)
Sec. 5-815. Habitual Juvenile Offender.
(a) Definition. Any minor
having been twice adjudicated a delinquent minor for offenses which, had he
been prosecuted as an adult, would have been felonies under the laws of
this State, and who is thereafter adjudicated a delinquent minor for a
third time shall be adjudged an Habitual Juvenile Offender where:
1. the third adjudication is for an offense occurring
| | after adjudication on the second; and
|
|
2. the second adjudication was for an offense
| | occurring after adjudication on the first; and
|
|
3. the third offense occurred after January 1, 1980;
| |
4. the third offense was based upon the commission of
| | or attempted commission of the following offenses: first degree murder, second degree murder or involuntary manslaughter; criminal sexual assault or aggravated criminal sexual assault; aggravated or heinous battery involving permanent disability or disfigurement or great bodily harm to the victim; burglary of a home or other residence intended for use as a temporary or permanent dwelling place for human beings; home invasion; robbery or armed robbery; or aggravated arson.
|
|
Nothing in this Section shall preclude the State's Attorney from
seeking to prosecute a minor as an adult as an alternative to
prosecution as an habitual juvenile offender.
A continuance under supervision authorized by Section 5-615 of
this Act
shall not be permitted under this Section.
(b) Notice to minor. The State shall serve upon the minor written
notice of intention to prosecute under the provisions of this Section within
5 judicial days of the filing of any delinquency petition, adjudication
upon which would mandate the minor's disposition as an Habitual Juvenile
Offender.
(c) Petition; service. A notice to seek adjudication as an
Habitual Juvenile Offender shall be filed only by the State's Attorney.
The petition upon which such Habitual Juvenile Offender notice is
based shall contain the information and averments required for all
other delinquency petitions filed under this Act and its service shall
be according to the provisions of this Act.
No prior adjudication shall be alleged in the petition.
(d) Trial. Trial on such petition shall be by jury unless the minor
demands, in open court and with advice of counsel, a trial by the court
without jury.
Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this
Act concerning delinquency proceedings generally shall be applicable to
Habitual Juvenile Offender proceedings.
(e) Proof of prior adjudications. No evidence or other disclosure of prior
adjudications shall be presented
to the court or jury during any adjudicatory hearing provided for under this
Section unless otherwise permitted by the issues properly raised in such
hearing. In the event the minor who is the subject of these
proceedings elects to testify on his own behalf, it shall be competent to
introduce evidence, for purposes of impeachment, that he has previously
been adjudicated a delinquent minor upon facts which, had he been tried as an
adult, would have resulted in his conviction of a felony or of any offense
that involved dishonesty or false statement. Introduction of
such evidence shall be according to the rules and procedures applicable to
the impeachment of an adult defendant by prior conviction.
After an admission of the facts in the petition or adjudication of
delinquency, the State's Attorney may file with the court a verified
written statement signed by the State's Attorney concerning any prior
adjudication of an offense set forth in subsection (a) of this Section
which offense would have been a felony or of any offense that involved
dishonesty or false statement had the minor been tried as an adult.
The court shall then cause the minor to be brought before it; shall
inform him of the allegations of the statement so filed, and of his
right to a hearing before the court on the issue of such prior
adjudication and of his right to counsel at such hearing; and unless the
minor admits such adjudication, the court shall hear and determine such
issue, and shall make a written finding thereon.
A duly authenticated copy of the record of any such alleged prior
adjudication shall be prima facie evidence of such prior adjudication or of
any offense that involved dishonesty or false statement.
Any claim that a previous adjudication offered by the State's
Attorney is not a former adjudication of an offense which, had the minor
been prosecuted as an adult, would have resulted in his conviction of a
felony or of any offense that involved dishonesty or false statement, is
waived unless duly raised at the hearing on such
adjudication, or unless the State's Attorney's proof shows that such
prior adjudication was not based upon proof of what would have been a
felony.
(f) Disposition. If the court finds that the prerequisites established in
subsection (a)
of this Section have been proven, it shall adjudicate the minor an Habitual
Juvenile Offender and commit him to the Department of Juvenile Justice until his 21st birthday, without possibility of aftercare release,
furlough, or non-emergency authorized absence.
However, the minor shall be entitled to earn one day of good conduct credit
for each day served as reductions against the period of his confinement.
Such good conduct credits shall be earned or revoked according to the
procedures applicable to the allowance and revocation of good conduct
credit for adult prisoners serving determinate sentences for felonies.
For purposes of determining good conduct credit, commitment as an Habitual
Juvenile Offender shall be considered a determinate commitment, and the
difference between the date of the commitment and the minor's 21st birthday
shall be considered the determinate period of his confinement.
(Source: P.A. 98-558, eff. 1-1-14.)
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-820)
Sec. 5-820. Violent Juvenile Offender.
(a) Definition. A minor having
been previously adjudicated a delinquent minor for an offense which, had he or
she been prosecuted as an adult, would have been a Class 2 or greater felony
involving the use or
threat of physical force or violence against an individual or a Class 2 or
greater felony for
which an element of the offense is possession or use of a firearm, and who is
thereafter adjudicated a delinquent minor for a second time for any of those
offenses shall be adjudicated a Violent Juvenile Offender if:
(1) The second adjudication is for an offense
| | occurring after adjudication on the first; and
|
|
(2) The second offense occurred on or after January
| |
(b) Notice to minor. The State shall serve upon the minor written notice of
intention to prosecute under the provisions of this Section within 5 judicial
days of the filing of a delinquency petition, adjudication upon which would
mandate the minor's disposition as a Violent Juvenile Offender.
(c) Petition; service. A notice to seek adjudication as a Violent Juvenile
Offender shall be filed only by the State's Attorney.
The petition upon which the Violent Juvenile Offender notice is based shall
contain the information and averments required for all other delinquency
petitions filed under this Act and its service shall be according to the
provisions of this Act.
No prior adjudication shall be alleged in the petition.
(d) Trial. Trial on the petition shall be by jury unless the minor demands,
in open court and with advice of counsel, a trial by the court without a jury.
Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the provisions of this Act
concerning delinquency proceedings generally shall be applicable to Violent
Juvenile Offender proceedings.
(e) Proof of prior adjudications. No evidence or other disclosure of prior
adjudications shall be presented to the court or jury during an adjudicatory
hearing provided for under this Section unless otherwise permitted by the
issues properly raised in that hearing. In the event the minor who is the
subject of these proceedings elects to testify on his or her own behalf, it
shall be competent to introduce evidence, for purposes of impeachment, that he
or she has previously been adjudicated a delinquent minor upon facts which, had
the minor been tried as an adult, would have resulted in the minor's conviction
of a felony or of any offense that involved dishonesty or false statement.
Introduction of such evidence shall be according to the rules and
procedures applicable to the impeachment of an adult defendant by prior
conviction.
After an admission of the facts in the petition or adjudication of
delinquency, the State's Attorney may file with the court a verified written
statement signed by the State's Attorney concerning any prior adjudication of
an offense set forth in subsection (a) of this Section that would have
been a felony or of any offense that involved
dishonesty or false statement had the minor been tried as an adult.
The court shall then cause the minor to be brought before it; shall inform
the minor of the allegations of the statement so filed, of his or her right to
a hearing before the court on the issue of the prior adjudication and of his or
her right to counsel at the hearing; and unless the minor admits the
adjudication, the court shall hear and determine the issue, and shall make a
written finding of the issue.
A duly authenticated copy of the record of any alleged prior
adjudication shall be prima facie evidence of the prior adjudication or of any
offense that involved dishonesty or false statement.
Any claim that a previous adjudication offered by the State's Attorney is not
a former adjudication of an offense which, had the minor been prosecuted as an
adult, would have resulted in his or her conviction of a Class 2 or greater
felony involving the
use or threat of force or violence, or a firearm, a felony or of any offense
that involved dishonesty or false statement is waived unless duly raised
at the hearing on the adjudication, or unless the State's Attorney's proof
shows that the prior adjudication was not based upon proof of what would have
been a felony.
(f) Disposition. If the court finds that the prerequisites established in
subsection (a) of this Section have been proven, it shall adjudicate the minor
a Violent Juvenile Offender and commit the minor to the Department of
Juvenile Justice until his or her 21st birthday, without possibility of aftercare release, furlough, or non-emergency authorized absence. However, the minor
shall be entitled to earn one day of good conduct credit for each day served as
reductions against the period of his or her confinement. The good conduct
credits shall be earned or revoked according to the procedures applicable to
the allowance and revocation of good conduct credit for adult prisoners serving
determinate sentences for felonies.
For purposes of determining good conduct credit, commitment as a Violent
Juvenile Offender shall be considered a determinate commitment, and the
difference between the date of the commitment and the minor's 21st birthday
shall be considered the determinate period of his or her confinement.
(g) Nothing in this Section shall preclude the State's Attorney from seeking
to prosecute a minor as a habitual juvenile offender or as an adult as an
alternative to prosecution as a Violent Juvenile Offender.
(h) A continuance under supervision authorized by Section 5-615
of this Act
shall not be permitted under this Section.
(Source: P.A. 98-558, eff. 1-1-14.)
|
(705 ILCS 405/5-821)
Sec. 5-821. Legislative report. The General Assembly recognizes that the issue of trial of youth in adult court continues to command the General Assembly's attention. The intent of the General Assembly is to encourage the use of appropriate transfer to adult court for youth. It is further the intent of the General Assembly to have the changes in this amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly studied to determine the impact of this amendatory Act on the youth in Illinois. The General Assembly authorizes the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority to commission a study on the changes in jurisdiction made in this amendatory Act and requests that the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority provide a written report to the General Assembly 3 years after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly.
(Source: P.A. 94-574, eff. 8-12-05.)
|
|
